Alzheimer's Research

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Facts and Statistics



2008 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

A statistical abstract of U.S. data on Alzheimer's disease

published by the Alzheimer's Association


Statistics: Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

A Fact Sheet

Published By the Alzheimer Society of Canada



Stages and Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease



Treatment of sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's disease

Susan M. McCurryb, Charles F. Reynolds, Sonia Ancoli-Israeld, Linda Terib, and Michael V. Vitiello

Sleep Medicine Reviews Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2000, Pages 603-628




Activities for People with Alzheimer's Disease



"I Know What I Like": Stability of aesthetic preference in alzheimer's patients

Andrea R. Halperna, Jenny Lyb, Seth Elkin-Frankstonb and Margaret G. O'Connor
Psychology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA

Brain and Cognition,Volume 66, Issue 1, February 2008


The Pablo Picasso Alzheimer's Therapy

By RANDY KENNEDY

The New York Times; October 30, 2005


Art Awakens Alzheimer's Patients' Minds

Bill Blakemore

ABC News; July 2, 2006


Age-or stage-appropriate? Recreation and the relevance of Piaget's theory in dementia care

Alison E. J. Mahoney

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2003; 18; 24


The use of Piaget's theory in Alzheimer's disease

Julia McGregor Thornbury

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1993; 8; 16


Dolls 'help Alzheimer's patients'

BBC News|Health, July 8, 2006


A randomised pilot study to assess the efficacy of an interactive, multimedia tool of cognitive stimulation in Alzheimer's disease

L Tárraga, M Boada, G Modinos, A Espinosa, S Diego, A Morera, M Guitart, J Balcells, O L López and J T Becker

J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2006;77;1116-1121;




Sensory Stimulation



Sensory stimulation in dementia: An effective option for managing behavioural problems

Alistair Burns, Jane Byrne, Clive Ballard,Clive Holmes.

BMJ 2002;325(7376):1312 (7 December), doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1312


Light Therapy and Alzheimer’s Disease

by Mariana Gross Figueiro, MSc, Mark S. Rea, PhD; and Gregory Eggleston

Sleep Review - January-February 2003


Light therapy 'can slow dementia'

BBC News, Tuesday, 10 June 2008


Effect of Bright Light and Melatonin on Cognitive and Noncognitive Function in Elderly Residents of Group Care Facilities

Rixt F. Riemersma-van der Lek, MD; Dick F. Swaab, MD, PhD; Jos Twisk, PhD; Elly M. Hol, PhD; Witte J. G. Hoogendijk, MD, PhD; Eus J. W. Van Someren, PhD

JAMA Vol. 299 No. 22, June 11, 2008


Effect of light therapy upon disturbed behaviors in Alzheimer patients

Yvette L. Rheaume, BSN, RN; Barbara C. Manning, MEd; David G. Harper, MS; Ladislav Volicer, MD, PhD

American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias®, Vol. 13, No. 6, 291-295 (1998)


Sensory stimulation in dementia

Esme Moniz-Cook and Michael Bird

BMJ 2003;326(7390):661 (22 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.661


The effect of sensory stimulation activities on the psychological well being of patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease

Janet M. Witucki and Renee Samples Twibell

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1997; 12; 10. DOI: 10.1177/153331759701200103


Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study.

Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, MacLaughlin V, Wilkinson D, Rosenvinge H.

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;17(4):305-8.


A controlled trial of aromatherapy for agitation in nursing home patients with dementia.

Snow LA, Hovanec L, Brandt J.

J Altern Complement Med. 2004 Jun;10(3):431-7.


The Effect of Reminiscence Music Therapy Sessions on Changes in Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Persons with Dementia

Sato Ashida, MM, MT-BC

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 170-182 | Abstract Volume 37, Issue 3 (August 2000)


The Impact of Music Therapy on Language Functioning in Dementia

Melissa Brotons, PhD, MT-BC and Susan M. Koger, PhD

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 183–195 | Abstract Volume 37, Issue 3 (August 2000)


The Effect of Background Stimulative Music on Behavior in Alzheimer's Patients

Naomi Ziv, PhD, Amit Granot, BA, Sharon Hai, BA, Ayelet Dassa, MA, and Iris Haimov, PhD

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 183-195 | Abstract Volume 44, Issue 4 (December 2000)


Sensory stimulation in dementia

Esme Moniz-Cook and Michael Bird

BMJ 2003;326(7390):661 (22 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.661


The effect of sensory stimulation activities on the psychological well being of patients witn advanced Alzheimer's disease

Janet M. Witucki and Renee Samples Twibell

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1997; 12; 10. DOI: 10.1177/153331759701200103


Quiet Music: An Intervention for Mealtime Agitation

Ann Denney

Journal of Gerontological Nursing Vol. 23 No. 7 July 1997


Relaxing music at mealtime in nursing homes: effects on agitated patients with dementia

Sandee Lynn Hicks-Moore, MN, RN

Journal of Gerontological Nursing Vol. 31 No. 12 December 2005


The Impact of Music Therapy on Language Functioning in Dementia

Melissa Brotons, PhD, MT-BC and Susan M. Koger, PhD

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 183-195 Volume 37, Issue 3 (August 2000)


Effects of short-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on memory and affective behaviour in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease

E. J. A. Scherdera, A. Boumab and A. M. Steen

Behavioural Brain Research Volume 67, Issue 2, March 1995, Pages 211-219


Effects of peripheral tactile nerve stimulation on affective behavior of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease

Erik Scherder, PhD Anke Bouma, PhD

American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, Vol. 13, No. 2, 61-69 (1998)


Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial

S Akhondzadeh, M Noroozian, M Mohammadi, S Ohadinia, A H Jamshidi, M Khani

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2003;74:863-866


Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study

Clive Holmes, Vivienne Hopkins, Christine Hensford, Vanessa MacLaughlin, David Wilkinson, Henry Rosenvinge

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Volume 17 Issue 4, Pages 305 - 308


Can aromatherapy promote sleep in elderly hospitalized patients?

F.E.A. Connell, MB BS; G. Tan, MB BCH, MRCP; I. Gupta, MB BS, MRCP; P Gompertz, MD, FRCP; Professor G. C. J. Bennett, MB, FRCP; J. L. Herzog, BSC, MB BS MPHIL, FRCPSYCH.

Geriatrics TodayJournal of the Canadian Geriatrics Society. 2001; vol. 4(4), pp. 191-195.


Cerebral Metabolic Response to Passive Audiovisual Stimulation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Volunteers Assessed by PET

Pietro Pietrini, Gene E. Alexander, Maura L. Furey, Alessio Darn, Marc J. Mentis, Barry Horwitz, Mario Guazzehhi, Mark B. Schapiro, and Stanley I. Rapoport

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 41 No. 4 575-583 © 2000


Aversive gustatory stimulation activates limbic circuits in humans

David H. Zald, Joel T. Lee Kevin, W. Fluegel, and José V. Pardo

Brain (1998), 121, 1143–1154


Suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging, Alzheimer's disease, transsexuality and Prader-Willi syndrom

Swaab, Roozendaal, Ravid, Velis, Gooren and Williams

Progress in Brain Research, Vol 72 Chapter 26, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987





Quality of Life



Not knowing where I am doesn't mean I don't know what I like: cognitive impairment and quality of life responses in elderly people

Caroline Godlove Mozley, Peter Huxley, Caroline Sutcliffe, Heather Bagley, Alistair Burns, David Challis, Lis Cordingley

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999;14:776-783


Sensory stimulation in dementia

Esme Moniz-Cook and Michael Bird

BMJ 2003;326(7390):661 (22 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.661


Environment and other determinants of well being in older people

M Lawton

The Gerontologist. 1983; 23(4), 349-356


Psychological well being in the aged

Lawton M, Kleban M, DiCarlo E

Research on Aging. 1984; 6(1), 67-97


Delaying or Preventing Alzheimer's Disease



Relation between smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: The Rotterdam Study

C. Reitz, MD, PhD, T. den Heijer, MD, PhD, C. van Duijn, PhD, A. Hofman, MD, PhD and M.M.B. Breteler, MD, PhD

NEUROLOGY 2007;69:998-1005 © 2007


Preventing Alzheimer's: Exercise still best bet

By Angela Lunde

Alzheimer's Blog; March 24, 2008 2:08 p.m


Exercise Is Associated with Reduced Risk for Incident Dementia among Persons 65 Years of Age and Older

Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH; Li Wang, MS; James D. Bowen, MD; Wayne C. McCormick, MD, MPH; Linda Teri, PhD; Paul Crane, MD, MPH; and Walter Kukull, PhD

Annals of Internal Medicine; 17 January 2006 | Volume 144 Issue 2 | Pages 73-81


Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer Disease

Nicola T. Lautenschlager, MD; Kay L. Cox, PhD; Leon Flicker, MBBS, PhD; Jonathan K. Foster, DPhil; Frank M. van Bockxmeer, PhD; Jianguo Xiao, MD, PhD; Kathryn R. Greenop, PhD; Osvaldo P. Almeida, MD, PhD

JAMA. 2008;300(9):1027-1037.


Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly

Joe Verghese, M.D., Richard B. Lipton, M.D., Mindy J. Katz, M.P.H., Charles B. Hall, Ph.D., Carol A. Derby, Ph.D., Gail Kuslansky, Ph.D., Anne F. Ambrose, M.D., Martin Sliwinski, Ph.D., and Herman Buschke, M.D.

N Engl J Med 2003;348:2508-16.


Chronic distress and incidence of mild cognitive impairment

R. S. Wilson, PhD, J. A. Schneider, MD, P. A. Boyle, PhD, S. E. Arnold, MD, Y. Tang, PhD and D. A. Bennett, MD

NEUROLOGY 2007;68:2085-2092


Moderate consumption of Cabernet Sauvignon attenuates Aß neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Jun Wang, Lap Ho,, Zhong Zhao, Ilana Seror, Nelson Humala, Dara L. Dickstein, Meenakshisundaram Thiyagarajan, Susan S. Percival, Stephen T. Talcott and Giulio Maria Pasinetti

The FASEB Journal. 2006;20:2313-2320.


Resveratrol Promotes Clearance of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-{beta} Peptides*

Philippe Marambaud1, Haitian Zhao, and Peter Davies

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 45, 37377-37382, November 11, 2005


Dietary patterns and risk of dementia

P. Barberger-Gateau, PhD, C. Raffaitin, MD, L. Letenneur, PhD, C. Berr, PhD, C. Tzourio, PhD, J. F. Dartigues, PhD and A. Alpérovitch, PhD

NEUROLOGY 2007;69:1921-1930


Conclusion of the study: "Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, and omega-3 rich oils may decrease the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease, especially among ApoE {varepsilon}4 noncarriers."

Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Kame Project

Qi Dai, MD, PhD; Amy R. Borenstein, PhD; Yougui Wu, PhD; James C. Jackson, PsyD; Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH

The American Journal of Medicine; Volume 119, Issue 9, Pages 751-759 (September 2006)


Fruit and vegetable juices may play an important role in delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly among those who are at high risk for the disease.

A role for docosahexaenoic acid–derived neuroprotectin D1 in neural cell survival and Alzheimer disease

Walter J. Lukiw, Jian-Guo Cui, Victor L. Marcheselli, Merete Bodker, Anja Botkjaer, Katherine Gotlinger, Charles N. Serhan, and Nicolas G. Bazan

The Journal of Clinical Investigation | Volume 115 | Number 10 | October 2005


Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

María M. Corrada, Claudia H. Kawasab, Judith Hallfrischc, Denis Mullerd, Ron Brookmeyere

Alzheimer's and Dementia |Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 11-18 (July 2005)


Reduced Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Users of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements

Peter P. Zandi, PhD; James C. Anthony, PhD; Ara S. Khachaturian, PhD; Stephanie V. Stone, PhD;Deborah Gustafson, PhD; JoAnn T. Tschanz, PhD; Maria C. Norton, PhD; Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, PhD; John C. S. Breitner, MD

ARCH NEUROL/VOL 61, JAN 2004


"Conclusion of study: Use of vitamin E and vitamin C supplements in combination is associated with reduced prevalence and incidence of AD. Antioxidant supplements merit further study as agents for the primary prevention of AD."

Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

María M. Corrada, Claudia H. Kawasab, Judith Hallfrischc, Denis Mullerd, Ron Brookmeyere

Alzheimer's and Dementia |Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 11-18 (July 2005)


Dietary Supplementation with Apple Juice Decreases Endogenous Amyloid-%u03B2 Levels in Murine Brain.

Amy Chan and Thomas B. Shea.

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |16:1 (January 2009)